Review of the Relevant Literature and Industry Specific...

Review of the Relevant Literature After briefly reviewing the basic aforementioned barriers, as follows, the researcher will proceed to discuss industry specific barriers, intertwined with the review of relevant literature; and the use a combination of analysis described in the Program Outcome section of this project. Introduction Pilots take an active and important role in the aviation industry and are expected to possess critical thinking and technological skills. Schools of aviation are required to provide students with both theory and technical opportunities relative to the scope of aviation. Training institutions who teach 141/142 training programs foster critical thinking and technological skills through ground based instruction as†¦show more content†¦Background and Significance Simulation was initially used by the airlines and military personnel for training purposes. The first ground-based flight simulator, named the Link trainer, was invented in 1929 by Ed Link (Nickerson Pollard, 2010). Edwin Albert Link can be said to be the pioneer of simulation implementation. He is most remembered for inventing the flight simulator, which was then commercialized in 1929 and called the Blue Box or Link Trainer. Using simulators for training maximizes a students learning without real life threats. Simulators are able to replicate scenarios that could damage an actual aircraft and cause significant injury or even death. The replication of actual flight in simulation would not be complete without motion. Disputes towards efficiency of motion versus non-motion platforms have been debated within the aviation training community for many years. Many studies have been made regarding the importance of motion versus non-motion. Motion platforms can provide motion for roll, pi tch, heave, surge, yaw, and sway. 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Introduction.The Etiology Of Autism Is As Yet Unknown And

Introduction The etiology of autism is as yet unknown and the phrase Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is used to encompasses a range of autistic disorders (Cheslack-Postava and Jordan-Young, 2012). ASD is a common neurodevelopmental syndrome and an umbrella term for a group of heterogeneous disorders, differentiated by pervasive difficulties, and impaired development, with area such as social communication, flexibility, social reciprocity and sensory processing (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Bargiela et al., 2016; Cheslack-Postava and Jordan-Young, 2012; Haney, 2015; Maenner et al., 2014). Recent research into ASD has emphasised, how women with autism, are at higher risk of being misdiagnosed, receiving a late diagnosis, or not†¦show more content†¦Due to the suggested gender bias within autism diagnosis, and the associated underrepresentation of females within the literature, the review also asks to what extent findings, within past and current research, can be used to characte rise the female ASD population. As the term ‘gender’ is widely used within this review it is important to outline this term. For the purposes of this essay, gender is used to describe culturally determined factors, roles, and attributes which relate to the masculine and feminine; this differs from the term ‘sex’ which refers to biological and physiological differences (Torgrimson, 2005; Lai et al., 2015; Jordan-Young, 2010). Alongside the review of ASD presentation in females, there is also a critical examination into research with people with learning difficulties and ASD, this pays particular reference to the specific ethical and methodological issues affecting these populations and how these can be addressed by researchers. Additionally, the issue of positionality, and the process of reflexivity are considered, and in what ways these concepts are intertwined with the epistemological and ontological assumptions researchers bring to the research process. Conducting Research with People who have ASD and/or Learning Disabilities. Historically, research into the lived experiences of the

Assess the Corporate Social Responsibility of Telecommunication Industries Free Essays

Mobile telecommunication industries in this country with time have increasingly played major roles in not only the lives of the people within the community in which they are situated but also in the total economic well being of the country as a whole through their social responsibility activities. The Mobile telecommunication industry in this country has increased tremendously within the past couple of years, and have increasingly played major roles in not only the lives of the people within the community in which they are situated but also in the total economic well being of the country as a whole through their social responsibility activities. The idea of Social Responsibility has developed differently around the world because of different histories, culture and institution. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the Corporate Social Responsibility of Telecommunication Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Steiner George 2000) In the past years, the multi-faceted problems made it almost impossible for indigenous industries to undertake social activities in developing countries. However, corporate social responsibility (CSR) research has blossomed in this new millennium. This is due to the increasing concern expressed by policy makers and individual bodies about corporate social responsibility and the pressure exerted on organizations to demonstrate high ethical standards. This project is very important because Ghana may need a new code of conduct, laws and regulations and multi-stakeholder agreements and private voluntary initiatives as new businesses are beginning to emerge into our system. Telecommunication industry is a typical example of a fast growing industry within our system. It is therefore imperative that we acknowledge the significance of their corporate contribution to the societies and the nation, for this foresight to be smart and articulate. 1. 2 BACKGROUND STUDY The precise concept of CSR is understood in different ways, having different representations of the concept relatable to different paradigms and concerns. Aside all the differences pertaining to the nature and content of CSR, a number of the concepts includes human rights, environmental responsibility, diversity management, sustainability, and philanthropy, meaning that it is a complex area with an interdisciplinary focus. It is generally agreed that CSR involves corporations voluntarily exceeding their legal duties to take account of social, economic and environmental impacts of their operations. For example, the European Commission defines CSR as: â€Å"A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interactions with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis† (European Multistakeholder Forum on CSR, 2004: 3) Corporate Social Responsibility also relates to those management philosophies, policies, procedure and act that have advancement of social welfare as one of their primary objectives (By Boone and Kurtz 1987) CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. Its concern is related to certain aspects of the company’s operations such as the quality of their management – both in terms of people and processes, and the nature of, and quantity of their impact on society in the various areas. The term â€Å"CSR† came in to common use in the early 1970s, after many multinational corporations were formed. The term stakeholder, meaning those on whom an organization’s activities have an impact, was used to describe corporate owners beyond shareholders as a result of an influential book by R Freeman in 1984. 2] ISO 26000 is the recognized international standard for CSR Public sector organizations. It is widely accepted that CSR adheres to similar principles but with no formal act of legislation. The UN has developed the Principles for Responsible Investment as guidelines for investing entities. Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate responsibility, corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, respo nsible business, sustainable responsible business (SRB), or corporate social performance,[1] is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. Ideally, CSR policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure its support to law, ethical standards, and international norms. Consequently, business would embrace responsibility for the impact of its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Furthermore, CSR-focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest by encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality. Essentially, CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making, and the honoring of a triple bottom line: people, planet, profit. Stakeholders are taking an increasing interest in the activity of the company. Most look to the outer circle, that is, what the company has actually done, good or bad, in terms of its products and services, in terms of its impact on the environment and on local communities, or in how it treats and develops its workforce. Out of the various stakeholders, it is financial analysts who are predominantly focused – as well as past financial performance – on quality of management as an indicator of likely future performance. Developed countries have worked out a way around ensuring that local and international businesses or companies make contributions towards community development. Sainsbury’s and Tesco for instance are typical examples of companies that have contributed towards every community they operate. The contrast however in Africa is that the key people within the community are just contented to accept a bottle of Scottish Whiskey or Schnapps or local spirit over a businessdeal. Ghana needs to get a grip of how best our laws would work for us if we involve businesses co-operation into helping with our community developments. Understanding how international law works and how it can be used to further both national and international CSR objectives. 1. 3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The mobile telecommunication industry in this country has increased tremendously and continuously growing at a very high speed over the past ten years. The researcher’s aim is to throw more light on the real impact of this industry on the economy through their social activities. The research also works towards assessing whether or not the individual activities are achieving their desired impact on society. The view of the public is also a major concern to the researcher. This research is to find out the level of recognition the mobile telecommunication industries receive for their social activities and also to identify the level of benefits they receive in terms of increasing customer base and overall image of the industry upon undertaking such corporate social responsibility. 1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The significance and contribution of the mobile telecommunication industry in this country cannot be over emphasized. The main aim of this study was to assess the level of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices by the Mobile Telecommunication Industry in the country. * This study sought to ascertain and document the extent of recognition and appreciation, nature and content of socially responsible actions by mobile telecommunication firms located in Ghana. * Based on this study the researcher anticipates that the information they have provided will be beneficial to the government and policy makers. Another motive for this research is to helping the industry be more aware of their CSR and acknowledge its importance to not only their image and customer base, but also as a major contributing factor towards economic development. * This study will interest students, academics and practitioners who might be undertaking further research on issues relating to the topic. | 1. 5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY * To outline the social, economic and political factors driving the development and implementation of CSR of the mobile telecommunication industry Ghana. The study is to identify the contributions of mobile telecommunication network towards social and economic development with specific reference to MTN. * To assess the challenges they go through in complying with the expectation of the society * To address the contested nature of CSR, in particular in terms of its instrumental or normative value. * To assess individuals notions of the role and nature of corporations with respect to corporate social responsibility. 1. 6 RESEARCH QUESTINE * What are the corporate social responsibility activities undertaken by mobile telecommunication agencies? To what extent, and in what way can or should mobile corporations be held mo rally responsible? * Is there a significant contribution of CSR towards economic development? * Are their CSR activities a strategy for distinguishing and protecting their image and creating trust, and to attract and retain both potential employees and consumers? * Are the benefits of their contributions worth the harm they may be causing to the societies? * Are they giving back enough to the society relative to what they are receiving? * Are the people satisfied with their services and contributions? . 7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY Primary and secondary data was used as a source of information. The researchers also had to design proposed questionnaires to access information from the users of the mobile industry concerning their opinions, this was however done randomly. The research is aimed at assessing the nature and content of the corporate social responsibility activities undertaken by the various organizations within the telecommunication industry and its contribution to the society and in turn the economy of the nation. . 8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Some of the limitations of this study included; * Lack of sufficient information; This was as a result of the reluctance of officers within the industry to give out all the information required for the research. * Time factor; The combination of academic demands i. e. Lectures and exams with the working on this project made the period of submission quiet short for undertaking all the requirements for assessing information for the study. 1. 9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY This research is presented in 5 chapters with subdivisions. * Chapter 1 begins with an introduction to the topic stating its relevance, the background study, statement of the problem, research question, and objective of the study, significance of the study and scope and limitation. * Chapter 2 outlines the literature review :definition and explanation of terms, nature of Social responsibility, levels and dimensions of social responsibility, problems associated with social responsibilities, Chapter 3 tackle the Theoretical Review of the research, which comprises of the population, sample and sampling procedures, Research instrument , Administration of instrument and method of data Analysis. * Chapter 4 relates to the Empirical Review, which contains a brief historical background of the individual mobile telecommunication industries in Ghana, types of social responsibility activities in which they engage themselves into, effects of such activities on their customer base and profitability, problems encountered while undertaking/for filing their social responsibility Chapter 5 deals with presentation of findings, this consists of findings and summary, and conclusion of findings and recommendations. 1. 10 DEFINITION OF TERMS Ten CSR Themes Social Responsibility Agreements, Ghana Drivers of and Constraints to PRIVATE Sector Engagement How to cite Assess the Corporate Social Responsibility of Telecommunication Industries, Papers

Economics for Global Financial Crisis

Question: Discuss about the Economics for Global Financial Crisis. Answer: Introduction: The term global financial crisis inferred the fact that it is an economic difficulty through the period of worldwide which is experienced by the consumers and markets. In the words of Shiller (2012), this type of financial crisis is a barrier for achieving foster growth of the country in terms of business environment as the potential consumers want to minimize their purchasing power until the situation improves. In the year 2008, due to the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the financial services of world economy go into depression. As a result, suddenly the banks, Wall Street, stock markets and important financial firms are stopped and plummeted. According to Taylor (2013), this sudden shock increases the unemployment level along with the collapsing of trade volumes and stickiness of the liquidity market. Both developed and developing countries are badly affected in this case, and Australia implements the G20 policy which is an injection of reducing the global crisis (Lowy Institute for International Policy. 2016). In this essay, the impact of GFC on Australian economy has been analyzed critically. Furthermore, the roles of the Federal government and the Reserve Bank of Australia have been discussed in this context along with the proper economic analysis. Apart from this, the impact on foreign trade and the current condition of unemployment rate are also critically discussed here. Discussion: In the global economy market, Australia exports its goods and services to the other countries. The current survey of WTO statistics inferred the information that the trade value of Australia is just half of the national income of this country (ABC News. 2009). In this context, during the time of GFC crisis, the world trade affected severely which drags down to the main trading partners of Australia namely Japan and the US. Moreover, due to the crisis of global finance, China also recorded the slowest growth which is the root cause of falling down the demand of its products. As a result, the export amount of Australia falls in a huge amount along with the negative impact on trade value. Apart from this, the Australian economy is well known as a member of the group of the highest amount of debt in respect to income ratios throughout the world. The nature of the Australian people is to save more amount of money today for using in the future time. These people get into fear of losing their job which would lead to increase the saving amount of their earning part. Moreover, the Australian people lower their consumption and borrow less amount of money for minimizing their debt. According to Sirkeci, Cohen and Ratha (2012), the incidence of cuts the budget of production along with an increase in the unemployment rate would lead to move downward fall of the Australian economy in the recession market. The global financial crisis severely damaged the credit markets and prospective growth of the Australian economy. In this perspective, the Federal government of Australia takes suitable measures in terms of providing the guarantee in wholesale funding and deposits of the bank and the economic security of $10.4 billion by which improvement is done in the recession market (ABC News. 2009). In this perspective, to generate and boost up the economy of Australia, the Federal government wants to increase the investment amount in the market through selling the bonds to the people. In the words of Fratzscher (2012), as per the Loanable Funds theory, the government of this country wants to boost up the economy through money flow and to lower the interest rate. This strategy would help to move forward the economy from the slow down conditions. Figure 1: Loanable Funds theory Source: (As created by author) According to the above figure, in this current condition the Federal Government of Australia sells more amount of bonds but due to the slowdown of market growth demand also falls which ensures to drastically fall the price level of the economy (Gal 2013). In this perspective, the concerned government implements a monetary policy such as OMO, RAR, Target CR and money growth for improving the current monetary condition of the economy. Moreover, the Australian government wants to fulfill the inflation gap and out gap by applying the above-stated strategy. Furthermore, as commented by Mavroeidis, Plagborg-Mller and Stock (2014), as per the Phillips curve theory; there exists an inverse relationship between the unemployment rate and inflation rate. To maintain stability in the economy from recession situation, the government needs to lower the unemployment rate by increasing the rate of inflation (Coibion and Gorodnichenko 2015). The deflationary monetary policy moves the economy in a positive way by controlling the unemployment rate through the leftward shifts of the PC. Figure 2: Phillip curve showing the fall of PC Source: (As created by author) Apart from this, the Federal Government of Australia provides a guarantee in deposits to support the confidence level of this country. In addition, the deposited amount below to the threshold is not considered as a chargeable amount. This strategy of Australian government provides certainty to the banks, credit markets, and building societies along with adding positive strength to the financial institutions (Rao 2016). On the other hand, it would help to raise the confidence level of the customer in this consequence. Moreover, in this current scenario, the concerned government offers the wholesale funding deposit which helps to normalize the depression market situations. With the help of this process, the financial institutions of Australia can be able to increase the amount of funds overseas. In this procedure, the foreign funds and financial institutions also support them to acquire the stability of the depression economy (Budget.gov.au. 2016). Moreover, by following this strategy suggested by the Australian government, the financial sectors of this country can be able to lend the corporations, banks, businesses and households for boost up the economy. In this current scenario, the Financial Management of Australian Office gets a message by the Treasure of purchasing $8 billion amount of residential securities of mortgagebacked from the wide range of lenders belongs from Australia. As a result, it would help to expand the quantity of assets along with high quality by which the AOFM can be able to invest more in the market (Budget.gov.au. 2016). In this context, the strategy related to Economic Security is considered as the discretionary fiscal policy which enhances the GDP rate of the country. The implementation of this strategy by Australian government would accelerate the investment prospect of the country by controlling the budget deficit of the nation. This economic strategy boosts up the level of consumption through the payment to careers and pensioners in a lump sum amount (Corsetti et al. 2016). This procedure would help the home owners to achieve the courage of more investment in the real estate market. Moreover, the development in infrastructure sector stimulates the economy to restore from the situation of recession. This procedure would help to increase the production capacity of the country by which the unemployment rate can be diminished (Wisman 2013). Apart from this, the above factors implemented by the Federal government of Australia accomplish the aggregate demand of the economy through which the amount of strategic investment can be increased. This also restores the future surpluses of this country. In short, with the help of implementing the strategy of Economic Security by this government in this current scenario, the country can be able to move up from the slow down condition of the economy by improving the GDP growth rate of the economy along with raise in consumption level and investment portion (Budget.gov.au. 2016). In this perspective, the Reserve Bank of Australia has taken a suitable measure in order to mitigate the issues of the recession of the economy which is acceptable and profitable for this country. The RBA provides a sufficient amount of loans so that the citizens of the nation can make direct purchases that will help to support the market. The government induced the Australian office of financial management to make a purchase of either a mortgage for the residential purpose or an amount of $8 billion that will act as securities (rba.gov.au. 2016). The government of Australia further uses strategies that help to provide the guarantees for stabilizing the internal market raise the debt of the banks and reduce the chances of running on the banking system. The investors are able to withdraw the funds from the bank as the liabilities are of short-term nature, and there are risk factors for the holders of the toxic assets. In the words of Eichengreen (2015), the financial crisis of an economy ensures the reduction of the negative amount of credit flows towards the business and consumers which enhance the significant amount of diminishing house prices and share indexes. As a result, due to loss of the wealth and properties, the desperate want to invest more amount of money and consume more by the business person and consumers falling severely. This situation would lead to further falls the economy along with a stagnant condition of the market. In this perspective, to mitigate this issue and improve the current economic condition, the Reserve Bank of Australia applies an appropriate strategy such as lowering the rate of interest which may boost up the economy (rba.gov.au. 2016). As opined by Nielsen (2016), by lowering the interest rate in the economy, the reserve bank of any concerned country can boost up the market as the investors are intended to invest more amount of money for acquiring more profit and revenue. In this context, the RBA has done the same procedure which helps to recover the nation from the slow down growth rate position. Figure 3: Aggregate demand and supply curve showing the stagnation of the economy Source: (As created by author) As commented by Eichengreen (2015), as per the Keynesian theory, the above figure depicts the fact of stagnation of the economy. Due to the stagnation of the economy for existing depression, the aggregate supply curve shifts leftward for which output has drastically fallen along with the higher rate of unemployment and increase in prices of the goods and services (Shiller 2012). In this context, RBA accomplishes the strict monetary policy as well as suitable fiscal measures to control the unemployment rate. The RBA cut the cash rate of 3% and lowers the interest rate on 425 bases of the point. This would lead to reducing the cost amount of borrowing and increase the planned aggregate of expenditure. As a result, the equilibrium point of the short run can be recovered by increasing the output, discretionary income of the household and increased the amount of spending (Fratzscher 2012). Conclusion: By referring to the above analysis, it can be concluded that the global financial crisis has severely affected the world economy along with the Australian economy. The entire world faces recession in the market by which the rate of unemployment increases and lowers the output level of the nation. Moreover, the foreign trade has affected badly. Due to market recession in the economy, the aggregate demand for goods and services fall and the trading partners of the Australia lower their demand for importable goods. As a result, net exports fall and the condition of balance of trade is not so much significant. Apart from this, to correct the situation and boost up the economy, the Federal government of Australia and RBA has taken appropriate measures. In this context, RBA cuts the interest rate which ensures to invest more in the market. It would help to increase the aggregate demand of the market along with raising the power of borrowing and spending. On the other hand, the Australian g overnment has taken the strict monetary and fiscal policy such as economic security, improvement in a financial institution and lowers the unemployment rate. In short, the taken strategies of RBA and the Australian government will help to increase the GDP of the country. Reference list: ABC News. (2009).Making sense of the global downturn. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-05-07/making-sense-of-the-global-downturn/1675556 [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Budget.gov.au. (2016).2008-09/content. [online] Available at: https://www.budget.gov.au/2008-09/content/myefo/html/part_2.htm [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016]. Coibion, O., and Gorodnichenko, Y., 2015. Is the Phillips curve alive and well after all? Inflation expectations and the missing disinflation.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,7(1), pp.197-232. Corsetti, G., Mavroeidi, E., Thwaites, G. and Wolf, M., 2016.Step away from the zero lower bound: Small open economies in a world of secular stagnation(No. 1645). Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. Eichengreen, B., 2015. Secular stagnation: the long view.The American Economic Review,105(5), pp.66-70. Fratzscher, M., 2012. Capital flows, push versus pull factors and the global financial crisis.Journal of International Economics,88(2), pp.341-356. Gal, J., 2013. Notes for a new guide to Keynes (I): wages, aggregate demand, and employment.Journal of the European Economic Association,11(5), pp.973-1003. Lowy Institute for International Policy. (2016).The Global Financial Crisis. [online] Available at: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/issues/global-financial-crisis [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Mavroeidis, S., Plagborg-Mller, M., and Stock, J.H., 2014. Empirical evidence on inflation expectations in the New Keynesian Phillips Curve.Journal of Economic Literature,52(1), pp.124-188. Nielsen, R.W., 2016. The growth of the world population in the past 12,000 years and its link to the economic growth.Journal of Economics Bibliography,3(1), pp.1-12. Rao, B.B. ed., 2016.Aggregate demand and supply: a critique of orthodox macroeconomic modeling. Springer. rba.gov.au. (2016).education/economics-competition/2009/pdf/first-year. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/education/economics-competition/2009/pdf/first-year.pdf [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016]. Shiller, R.J., 2012.The subprime solution: how today's global financial crisis happened, and what to do about it. Princeton University Press. Sirkeci, I., Cohen, J.H. and Ratha, D. eds., 2012.Migration and remittances during the global financial crisis and beyond. World Bank Publications. Taylor, J.B., 2013.Getting off track: How government actions and interventions caused, prolonged, and worsened the financial crisis. Hoover Press. Wisman, J.D., 2013. Wage stagnation, rising inequality and the financial crisis of 2008.Cambridge Journal of Economics,37(4), pp.921-945.

Computer Science Essays - Computer Engineering, Computer Science

Computer Science Computer Science Computer science is one of the fastest growing career fields in modern history. Dating back only a few decades to the late 1950s and early 1960s, it has become one of the leading industries in the world today. Developed through the technological architecture of electrical engineering and the computational language of mathematics, the science of computer technology has provided considerable recognition and financial gain for many of its well deserving pioneers. Originally conceived as an organizational solution to the massive amounts of information kept on nothing more than paper, computers have evolved and advanced to become a common part of modern day life. In the early days of the computers age, the newest and most complex computers took up no less than an entire building or very large room. It was inconceivable that these machines would after only about fifty years be many times more powerful and small enough to be held with tweezers [Gicenia, Mark W., pgs. 1-4]. With the introduction of miniature circuitry and transistors, the days of vacuum tubes and computers that filled entire buildings are long gone and the centerpiece of the today's computer industry is the CPU, one of the modern marvels of science and technology. It is essentially the brain of the computer and though it is the main determining factor in the processing power of the computer as a whole, many other parts of the machine are just as important in overall performance. Many people don't know this and that is how computer corporations have cheated people out of their money for so many years by selling them cheap systems with high megahertz numbers for the processors in them. This is one reason for the success of the computer industry. When people find out that they have been cheated, they will try to learn more about the product and probably end up spending more money next time. Either way the computer companies always win [Hoover, Warren D., pgs. 25-27]. A career in the field of computer science has been proven to be a worthwhile direction for any young enthusiast and this trend is looking just as bright in the new millennium. Computer science and technology has much to offer in anyone of its many career paths. Whether working with a large multinational corporation or a smaller private company on computer hardware or software in engineering or programming the possibilities and opportunities are endless and their increasing everyday. One reason the computer industry is so promising is that virtually every industry in the world depends on computers to operate. This creates an increasingly large and permanent demand for computer hardware, software, and the technical knowledge to create and use them [Vizard, Frank, pgs. 45-47]. Computer games have added to the development of computer science in recent years. The growing complexity of the most popular games and the ever so urgent need for the latest and fastest graphics processing hardware by gamers with the money to afford it has boosted the gaming industry to unbelievable status. Constantly advancing computer technology allows computer programmers the freedom to incorporate into their games and software, higher levels of visual detail, more complex game play, and amazing special effects that at one time were not conceivable because the technology to implement them didn't exist [O'Malley, Chris, pgs. 39-42]. Today the technical sophistication of computer hardware is advancing at an alarming rate due mainly to competition between major manufacturers. When two or more large hardware companies battle for the majority of the market, processing power soars and prices tumble. It always equals out to a better deal for the average consumer and more power for less money. That means both basic and high end machines become more affordable and that computers will populate more households. With that, computer technology and all its benefits are introduced to more people everyday making a career in computer science an evermore-popular choice for those interested. This not only promises a never ending demand computer products, but also the next generation of pioneers to lead us well into the new millennium [Epstein, George, pgs. 740-745]. Technology Essays

Package essays

Package essays Today, products competition of the international market has many elements. Product price, quality, and package design are the three main elements. On the road to the market, good package design is an important strategy. The effect of an excellent Package to increase the product sale is not less powerful than a commercial. The prerequisite for a product are first tally with the criterion, and second attractive to customers. The excellent package must have a brand name which is easy to read and remember; have an eye-catching style to attract the customers when they were walking by shelves, and they will have the impulse to pick it up; have a simply and well-written description in order to express the product features; have to embody the prestige of the product to enhance customers trust; have particular colors to attract different consumers; have to concern about the environmental protection. Use paper, glass or recyclable package to replace the plastic package. The package that I select is from Missys Home Style Cheese Cake. Its a new product. They package of this cheesecake is different from others. Here is how this package fulfills the six basic packaging functions: containment and protection, usage, communication, segmentation, channel cooperation, and new-product planning. First one is the containment and protection function, Missys Home Style Cheesecake use recyclable plastic container and plastic transparent cover to store, and its vacuum. The container is also hard to break. They also use the cardboard box to pack again. The size of the two packages is similar to protect the cheesecake, and it because they will not strike each other. The sealing up of the plastic container and the cardboard box also make it secure to purchase. Second function is the usage. The net weight of Missys Home Style Cheesecake is only 3 ounce. The size of the cheesecake is small. It is designed as a snack. The s...

Rhetorical Analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Analyses - Essay Example To provide a balanced discourse, Featherstone eventually evaluated magazines such as Blue Jean, Teen Voices, Hues and Reluctant Hero that were certified to provide more substantial contents. The rhetorical analysis hereby aims to evaluate Featherstone’s effectiveness in evaluating the magazines using appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos. The author’s arguments clearly indicated her preferences for the teen girls’ reading materials through provision of examples and citing relevant support from identified slogans, celebrities, and choice of feature articles that were believed to evoke the readers’ emotional response. For example, Featherstone’s assessment of Teen People’s strategies of using celebrities such as Jennifer Love Hewitt by focusing on the actress’ clothes and love life, instead of providing positive information, aim to make readers realize the lack of credible and substantial content that could improve knowledge of girls on mo re crucial matters. Her choices of vocabularies, though, swerve from easy to read to confusing and almost defying logical order – which is contrary to using appeals to pathos.

List and Explain the generally recognized business torts Research Paper

List and Explain the generally recognized business torts - Research Paper Example There are actually three basic business torts; namely, malfeasance, misfeasance, and nonfeasance. There could be other particular business torts but all these are related or derived from the said basic three. 1. Malfeasance This is a business tort that is committed maliciously by the perpetrator. This means that there is a clear intent against the aggrieved party, such as the aim of causing such the potential loss of revenues by the said business entity. Business malfeasance must, however, be distinguished from corporate malfeasance. This is especially because both are committed in the same sector. In corporate malfeasance, it is an employee or an executive that causes harm to the company whereas in business malfeasance, one party in a partnership, such as a joint business venture could be the perpetrator. An example of this is that of two companies who have agreed on a raw material sales transaction. Company A is involved in providing finished products to a certain distributor. Comp any B, on the other hand, sells raw materials to Company A.

Impact of Colonialism on the Middle East Term Paper

Impact of Colonialism on the Middle East - Term Paper Example However, their political allegiance was always with the country of origin. Other such examples include those of the people of: North America, Australia, New Zealand and Algeria. Imperialism is derived from Latin word Imperium which means to command. It is thus a way that one country exercises power over another, whether through settlement, sovereignty or indirect control, without significant settlement. Typical examples include Africa, American domination of Philippines and Puerto Rico. Colonialism in the Middle East: European colonial activity in Africa and Middle East reached the peak in the late 19th and early 20th century. The British became heavily involved in the affairs of Egypt and Sudan. The British annexed Aden in 1839. The British and the French built and operated the Suez Canal in 1869; Britain went to war with Iran in 1856 over night of way to India and China through Iran. Algeria fell under the French rule in 1830. The French invaded Morocco and occupied Tunisia in 1881 . Zanizibar became a British protectorate in 1890. Germany took over Daras Salaam, and French captured Senegal in 1890. Britain and Russia divided Iran into spheres of interest while Italy captured Libya in 1911. 2-EUROPIAN IMPERIALISM May it be for economic nationalist or humanitarian reasons, more powerful nations have often interfered with the affairs of the weaker nations. The more powerful nations, including the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Portugal, Germany and several other European countries have in the past exploited less powerful and backward countries. European imperialism is used to refer to more recent colonial Empires of Britain, France, Portugal and Spain during the European â€Å"age of exploration†. During the 15th century, Portugal and Spain had the most power navies. Portugal established a powerful Empire which was highly useful for trade. In the 16th, 17th and 18th century, Britain entered the arena largely due to its envy of the Portuguese and S panish properties, which grew to eventually cover an entire quarter of the world population and land mass. This included countries like Egypt, India, Australia, Hong Kong and much of North America. In the 19th century, the imperialistic designs of US and Germany damaged the British stronghold; this tension resulted in the First World War in which the German Empire was taken apart. After the Second World War period of decolonization began as most European power granted independence to their territories. Russia is another example of European imperialism that is stretched across half the world along its longitudinal axis. 3-US IMPERIALISM As said by the Historian Donald W Mening, imperial behavior for the US dates at least to the â€Å"LOUISIANA Purchase† which he described as an Imperial acquisition; imperial in the sense of the gaining control over the territory of another, resulting in the subjugation of the people to alien rule. The US policies towards the Native Americans w ere designed to remold them into a people more appropriately conformed to imperial desires. IIThe Unites States had been the dominant world power over the Middle East since the Second World War. US imperialistic policies drives its strength from the thoughts of the famous think tank A.T Mahan, who maintained that modern industrial nations must secure foreign markets for the purpose of exchanging good and later on, they must maintain a maritime force that is capable of protecting these trade routes. The outcome of the US business and

The Management Of Sustainability At Barclays Marketing Essay

The Management Of Sustainability At Barclays Marketing Essay The history of Barclays was developed in 1960 in London by John Freame and Thomas Gould started their business as trading goldsmith bankers. In the year 1736, when James Barclay joined the organisation the name Barclays became connected with the company even though it was not until 1896 then the company is known as Barclays bank. Then is 1896 the company joins 19 other private banking businesses to form Barclay Company Limited, with 182 branches and a deposit of  £26m. By the year 2009 Barclays bank has established in 59 countries with 140, 000 employees throughout the world due to globalisation and the advancement of technology. Barclays is a major global financial services provider engaged in personal banking, credit cards, corporate and investment banking, and wealth and investment management. According to the annual report for 2012, in order to have a sustainable basis, Barclays had to store trust and restore performance. There was also a change in the remuneration packages, a s they prefer paying according to the performance relationship. In relation with shareholders they have increase the share from the total net income and they mention that it is essential to the business and those employees working in an extreme competitive international environment. Barclays also states that their hitting their targets which satisfies them. They claim that their doing work which is socially important and useful to the environment, as well to generate a sustainable return for the shareholders. Sustainability is an increasingly important theme for businesses. At the current situation, the concept of sustainability has been broadened to include not only environmental consideration, but also economic and social consideration claims Elkington (1998). If these factors are implemented in the business, it would be successful. Sustainability is essential for Barclays competitive advantage as Barclays has various competitors in the market. Barclays sustains its competitive ad vantage by creating a size and diversity for the business as well as the quality, character and the relationships with their customers. Diversity has allowed them to build a sustainable business by delivering an operational excellence, investing in innovation and managing their risks. 2.0 Findings 2.1 Sustainability /Sustainable development Sustainability refers to the ability of a mankind to continue indefinitely by making a zero impact on the environmental resources (Blowfield Murray, 2011). Crane Marten (2010) states that sustainability is defined as a long- term maintenance of systems according to environmental, economic and social considerations. Sustainable development is the process by which mankind moves towards the ultimate goal of sustainability. The goal of sustainable development is to enable all people throughout the world to satisfy their basic needs and to enjoy a better quality of life without compromising the quality of life of future generations (HMG, 2005). 2.2 Business Sustainability Business sustainability is known as adapting to the business strategies and activities that meets the needs of business stakeholders today and the near future. There are few frameworks which are used to measure the sustainability of the business, and one of the best ways of testing sustainability would be the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) method introduced by John Elkington. It consists of three important elements which is Economic, social and Environmental. It generates the basis of both Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Sustainability Balance Scorecard (SBSC). Now this report would move on to evaluate the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). 2.3 Economic Sustainability The economic dimension, sustainability is concern about the organizations impacts on the economic environment of its stakeholders and on economic system at local, national and global levels. A narrow concept of economic sustainability focuses on the economic performances of the corporations itself: the responsibility of management is to develop, produce and market those products that secure the long-term economic performances of the corporation (Crane and Matten, 2010).The economic perspective on sustainability is strong and stable economy would create jobs and incomes for society in order to provide basic standard of living. 2.4 Environmental Sustainability The environmental sustainability is concern about organisations impact towards the diverse ecosystem, like water, land and air. The basic principles of sustainability in environment perceptive concern the effective management of physical resources so that they are conserved for the future (Crane and Matten 2010). Basically, it provides resources for human activities and acts as sinks which absorb and recycle human waste such as microorganisms. It is also known as the main resource provider to people, such as water, soil fertility and pollination. 2.5 Social Sustainability The Social Sustainability focuses on the impacts of an organisation towards the social structure which it operates. The development in social perspectives on sustainability has tended to trial behind that of the environment and economic perspectives (Scott, Park and Cocklin, 2000). The main social point of sustainability is the key justice. It deals with a strong, healthy and fair society. It provides promotion for personal well- being, social cohesion and inclusion and equal opportunities for the society (HMG, 2005). 3.0 Measuring Businesses Sustainability 3.1 Sustainability Balance Scorecard Kaplan and Norton (1992) developed the balanced scorecard in order to give managers a more comprehensive view of business performances. Balance scorecards combine both qualitative and quantitative measures, acknowledge the expectations of different stakeholders and relate an assessment of performance to choice of category. It contents of four perspectives financial, customers, process, learning and growth. The sustainability balance scorecard consists of four elements, which would be financial, internal business process, customer, learning and growth. It helps the organisation to breakdown corporate level measures which will help manager and employees to look at what could be done to make the organization to improve internal and external communications and monitor organisations performances against goal. Barclays has been using sustainability balance scorecard in measuring their organisation sustainability. According to the annual report in 2012 in mentioned that the economic environment in Barclays main markets was marked by generally weak or negative growth (as measured by GDP), which has affected business, consumer and investor confidence across these regions. Economic performance in the near term remains uncertain and is expected to be subdued. As an example, to overcome this situation Barclays expects to incur a restructuring charge of approximately  £500m in the first quarter of 2013 and costs associated with implementing the strategic plan of approximately  £1bn in 2013,  £1bn in 2014 and  £0.7bn in 2015 ( Barclays annual report, 2012). 3.2 Global Reporting Initiative Social accounting is the voluntary process concerned with assessing and communicating organisational activities and impacts on social, ethical, and environmental issues relevant to stakeholders. Corporate organisations involves in social accounting for both practical and moral reasons. The main four reasons are internal and external pressure, identifying risks, improved stakeholder management and enhanced accountability and transparency. A good social accounting is complete when a scheme in place attempts to the activities like Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Crane and Matten (2010) states that Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is an international multi-stakeholder effort to create a common framework for reporting on social, economic and environmental triple bottom line sustainability. Barclays has reported against the Global Reporting Initiative (G3) Indicator protocols and Financial Sector Supplement. In 2011, Barclays have self-declared for their GRI performance application to be B+ (Annual Report Barclays, 2011). 4.0 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) CSR is a set of measures that business could take in order to become sustainable. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is known as a business initiative to evaluate and take accountability on the organizational effects on the environment and impact on the community which is meant that it benefits the organization as well as the community. Rionda claims that CSR is alternatively referred to as corporate citizenship, which essentially means that a company should be a good neighbor within its host family (Rionda.Z, 2002). Organization that is socially responsible would be rewarded with more satisfying customers, which will help to meet the organization goals and expansion of the business. CSR is also as one of tool for brand reputation for business which is developed globally. As an example, a company which has a strong global brand and consumer pressure will be the key drivers towards CSR practices (Zadek, 2004). Most of the companies nowadays have decided to get involved in CSR becau se they realize that in order to stay productive, competitive and relevant in a rapidly changing world, they have to become socially responsible. CSR has also been defined by Moir (2001) who states the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as the local community and society at large. 4.1 Carroll CSR Model Source: A Carroll (1991) The pyramid of corporate social responsibility, Business Horizons, July-August, pp-39-48. The study on Barclays CSR is based on the Carroll four part CSR model that has helped Barclays to meet the two stage of this model which includes economic and legal. Barclays has reported all their CSR activities clearly which gives an indication that Barclays gives an impression to be a sustainable organization and Barclays has been doing well in all these aspects to maintain their sustainability. Barclays seem to give much attention to aim on their CSR activities at stakeholders to contribute to economic, environment and social sustainability to remain sustainable. Now this report will move on to discuss on the CSR policies adapted by Barclays. 4.2 Barclays CSR Barclays has been actively engaging themselves in CSR activities. Barclays believes business can have a positive impact towards the community they serve if CSR is being implemented. Ever since they have start operating their first bank in 1960, they have dedicated their selves to trust and respect their customers and shareholders. Barclays is involving themselves in CSR activities such as, environmental, social and economic. As an example, Barclays Bank in Kenya state that, in order to stay in business for another100 years, they need to be partners with their stakeholders to maximize the opportunities presented by economic, social and environmental sustainability issues, as well as collaborate to minimise the associated risks in both direct and indirect ( Barclays Annual report, 2010). This report will now evaluate the CSR activities of Barclays. 4.3 Environmental Barclays Environmental sustainability approach is to reduce their impacts on the environment. They are not only focusing on the direct operational impact, while they are also looking at wider influence through their lending and investment activities. To make this more efficient Barclays has introduced climate exchange program. This program emphasizes on waste management, water use and paper use. They are designing, building and operating in way that reduces the impact on the globe. There are three main issue which influences Climate exchange Program. The first one would be developing products and services for a low carbon economy, and then followed by managing climate change risks which means managing social and environmental risk in lending and finally managing their own carbon footprint (Citizenship Report, 2011). With adopting all this environmental policies, Barclays was able to meet a sustainable environmental operation to their business. 4.4 Social In social sustainability Barclays is involved with the community. In 2012, Barclays global community investment team managed to engage 73,000 staff in volunteering, fundraising and support programmes that benefited an estimated two million people worldwide (Ainsworth, 2012 Third Sector). Barclays states that in order to have social sustainability two things beings involved; community investment programs and employee programs with the direct efforts of employees. The community programs which Barclays practices are Building Young Futures that aims to equip 74,000 disadvantaged young people in six countries Brazil, Egypt, India, Pakistan, Uganda and Zambia with the skills to help them fulfil their potential with a partnership between Barclays and UNICEF( Barclays citizenship plan , 2012). This program is introduced to help the poor community in these countries to have a proper skill and self-confidents in securing their income with a job or set up a small business with skill and knowle dge provided by this program. The main aim of this program is to reduce unemployment rate among the younger generation in these countries. As an example, in the first four years of their partnership, Building Young Futures gave more than 600,000 young people: improved education opportunities; financial, employment and enterprise skills; and support to manage their money (Barclays citizenship plan, 2012). Besides that, Barclays has introduced a citizenship award in 2012 to recognize and appreciate the work contribution done by their employees for community. The employees in Barclays are actively involved in fund raising for the local community around the globe. For instance, Nearly 1,000 customers and employees took in the sights of the UK capital by night on a 10-km walk, as they raised almost  £100,000 to support UNICEF and UK broadcaster Heart radios Have a Heart charity (Barclays citizenship plan, 2012). With this programmes it would help the local communities to achieve financial independence and security in their lives. Furthermore, these programmes applied towards the community would help Barclays to be more sustainable in a social context. 4.5 Society/ Diversity Aside making huge profits and meeting organisation goals, Barclays have also created a culture where diversity is valued and respected. Barclays mention that their global diversity strategy in place across the organisation, and they are continuing to extend and update this to reflect industry best practice and to meet the expectations of stakeholders and customers (Barclays, 2011).As an example, Barclays have worked closely with external recruitment firm to let them know their diversity priorities, so they could provide them with huge number employees for recruitment and selection. This method is used to measure the employees potential and hard work and to ensure individuals with disabilities have equal rights and job prospects. Barclays has given priorities to diversity as want to meet an equal gender workforce and to support co-workers and customers who has disability. For instance , the UK Corporate Banking business rose to first from fourth place among its peers in terms of clien t satisfaction, and a business in their Wealth and Investment Management division won Best Customer Experience Award in Financial Services in the 2011 Customer Experience Awards. Now this report would move on to access the economic sustainability. 4.6 Economic Barclays practices transparency to their stakeholder. Based on the findings, Barclays believes that the best way to support their stakeholders is by operating a strong, profitable and growing business, which creates jobs and contributes to the economic success of the communities in which they live and work (Citizenship Report, 2011). Transparency is the degree to which corporate decision, policies, activities and impacts are acknowledged and made visible to relevant stakeholders (Crane and Matten, 2010). Jenkins Barclays CEO has mention (International Business Times)that he is committed to building a better bank with massive changes that will boost up shareholder returns over the longer term and based on the 2012 annual report Shares in the group rose 4.2 per cent (Baccardax, 2013). According to the analysis on Barclays CSR activities that theyre involved with, it gives a reflection that Barclays supports the Stakeholder theory. Stakeholder theory seeks to balance the interest of a r ange of economic, social and environmental stakeholders. The theory was been developed by Edward Freeman (1984) who states that a stakeholder of an organization is any group or individual who can affect, or is affected by, achievement of the organisations objectives(Freman 1984:46). For a more precise definition (Evan and Freeman 1993) has suggested two principles: Principle of corporate right, which means the corporation has the obligation not to violate the right of others and Principle of corporate effect which means companies are responsible for the effect of their actions on others. Stakeholder theory is known as the utilitarian ethical stances that give a balancing of stakeholder interests in decision making using a triple bottom line approach. Stakeholder theory is essential in multinational organisation like Barclays and they are sustaining with this approach. 4.7 Weaknesses of CSR policies in Barclays Barclays seems to provide information that theyre sustainable however there are few weakness and risk in the CSR policy. In early 2013, according to The Guardian news, Barclays was preparing to hand its chief executive Antony Jenkins a bonus of at least  £1m for 2012 and it is a year when the bank was fined  £290m for its part in the Libor-rigging scandal and set aside a further  £1bn for mis-selling payment protection insurance (The Guardian ,2013). Besides that, Barclays was under pressure from some of their shareholder demanded for a repay of past bonuses from its new boss. It was surprising that Barclays could be origins of the recession in the credit crunch caused by reckless bank lending. Latest news on Barclays that they will become a self-service-oriented company, thereby allowing the remaining staff to focus on delivering added value to its customers and they have mention that Barclays is changing (The Telegraph, 2013). With this information Barclays is seen as not con sistent with their policy. On the other hand, they still could be an omissions supporting by mentioning that Barclays is still a sustainable organisation. As Freidman (1970) argues that social and environmental sustainability are the responsibility of individuals and the government. The whole Barclays management shouldnt be blame for this issues it could possibly be an individual who is liable. 5.0 Summary Based on the outcomes made for this report Barclays appears to be a sustainable organisation. As seen in the outcomes, Barclays is actively engaged with many CSR activities are have updated them in GRI as well as SBSC. Barclays has establish themselves as the most recognised and respected organization in the world, to sustain it Barclays plans to continue to expand rapidly and commit to more CSR activities to be more sustainable. 6.0 Recommendation The recommendation is made after evaluating Barclays CSR activities and from my point of views on what Barclays should do in achieving a sustainable organisation. Barclays should emphasize on social and economic sustainability as their lack in this both activities. I agree that Barclays is involved in economic and social CSR activities, while be a global organisation its suggested that they should give emphasis to strategic importance of CSR drivers for globalization. As an example, Barclays is engaged in banking industry for many years, they seem expand their business to a more wide area in the world which is due to globalization and this will help them to achieve a sustainable business and profitable organisation. Besides that, having CSR activities which engaging public will gain more popularity for Barclays as it will reach the public faster than indoor activities. Barclays should also concentrate on the Utilitarian ethical stances of social responsibility. It seeks a balanced st akeholder interest in decision making using a triple bottom line approach which includes economic, environment and social which will be an advantage for Barclays. Referencing Crane, A and Matten, D, (2010) Business Ethics, 3rd ed , Oxford University Press, USA. Elkington, J. (1998). Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line in 21st Century Businesses. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Is., BC. Blowfield, M and Murray, A (2011), Corporate Responsibility, 2nd Ed, Oxford University Press,USA. HMG (2005). Securing the Future: Delivering UK sustainable development strategy, TSO, London.www.sustainable-development.gov.uk Kaplan, S and Norton, P (1992), The Balanced Scorecard Measures That Drive Performance, Harvard Business Review , Jan-Feb retrieved on April 14,2013 from ftp://docenti.ing.units.it/arc_stud/Centrone/Corso_Tecniche%20di%20Gestione%20Aziendale/Dispense%20%20Books/Kaplan%20%20Norton/Kaplan%20%20Norton%20-%20The%20Balanced%20Scorecard%20-%20Measures%20That%20Drive%20Performance.pdf . Rionda.Z, (2002), WHAT IS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, CATALYST Consortium, USA, retrieved on April 11, 2013 from http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnada498.pdf. Zadek,(2004), The path to corporate responsibility ,Harvard Business Review,82, December:125-32. Moir L. 2001. What do we mean by corporate social responsibility? Corporate Governance 1(2): 16-22. Freeman, R. E. (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Boston, MA: Pinnan. Evan, W.M. and Freeman, R.E (1993), A stakeholder theory of the modern corporation: Kantian capitalism. In W.M. Hoffman and R.E. Frederick (eds.), Business ethics: readings and cases in corporate morality:145-54. New York: McGraw-Hill. Friedman, M (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine, 13 September. Scott, K, Park, J. and Cocklin, C (2000). From sustainable rural communities to social sustainability: giving voice to diversity in Mangakahia Valley, New Zealand. Journal of Rural studies,16: 443-6. Barclays (2012), Annual Citizenship Report 2011, retrieved on April 15, 2013 from, http://reports.barclays.com/cr11/howwereport/globalreportinginitiativeindex.html. Barclays (2010), Annual report and financial statement Barclays bank Kenya, retrieved on April 15, 2013 from, http://www.barclays.com/africa/kenya/documents/Corporate-Social-Responsibility-Report.pdf. Barclays (2012), Barclays Annual PLC report, retrieved on April 16, 2013 from, http://reports.barclays.com/ar12/servicepages/downloads/files/entire_barclays_ar12.pdf. Barclays (2013), Annual Citizenship report 2012, retrieved on April 16, 2013 from, http://group.barclays.com/about-barclays/citizenship. Barclays (2011), Annual Citizenship report for Environmental and social risk in lending, retrieved on April 17, 2013 from, http://reports.barclays.com/cr11/thewaywedobusiness/environmentalandsocialriskinlending.html?cat=b. Barclays (2012), wealth and investment management, retrieved on April 17, 2013,from , http://www.barclayswealth.com/about-us/in-the-community.htm. Barclays (2002), corporate social responsibility annual report, retrieved on April 17, 2013 from, http://www.investor.barclays.co.uk/results/2002results/annual_report/website/impact/csr16.html. Baccardax, M (2013), Barclays CEO: Strategy Overhaul Global Economy will slow Near-term growth, retrieved on April 17, 2013 from, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/434161/20130212/barclays-antony-jenkins-investment-banking-job-cuts.htm. Ainsworth, D (2012), Business Charity Awards: CSR team -Winner: Barclays, Retrieved on April 17, 2013, from , http://www.thirdsector.co.uk/Fundraising/article/1131962/business-charity-awards-csr-team-winner-barclays/. Anonymous (no Date http://historyofbusiness.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/history-of-barclays-bank.html access on: 18 April 2013. Barclays (2011), Citizenship report for direct economic contribution, retrieved on April 19, 2013, from, http://reports.barclays.com/cr11/contributingtogrowth/directeconomiccontribution.html?cat=b. Barclays (2013), Citizenship report for supporting our community, retrieved on April 19, 2013, from, http://group.barclays.com/about-barclays/citizenship/supporting-our-communities. Treanor, J ( 2013), Barclays preparing to pay bonus of at least  £1m to new chief Antony Jenkins, The Guardian , February , 29 retrieved on April 19,2013 from, http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/jan/29/barclays-executive-pay-jenkins-libor. Telegraph staff (2013), Barclays could cut up to 40,000 jobs, The Telegraph, March, 7 retrieved on April 19, 2013, from, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/9916111/Barclays-could-cut-up-to-40000-jobs.html.

Marijuana: Friend to the Dying :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Marijuana: Friend to the Dying Peter is an AIDS patient. The violent nausea caused by the handfuls of pills he must take every day prevents anything he eats from staying down. Even the pill to calm the vomiting won't stay in his stomach long enough to take effect. He has lost nearly forty pounds and is unrecognizable, even to himself. He has given up on life, and he dreads each day because of the pain and the sorrow it brings. Now imagine there's a drug that may help Peter, a drug that helps him keep food down or even makes him hungry, a drug that helps him gain weight, a drug that gives him the hope that he will live long enough to see a cure, a drug that helps him accept what's happening to his body. For Peter and many other patients, this drug is marijuana. Marijuana was first outlawed in the 1920's and 30's when tabloid magazines printed distorted reports of violent crimes committed by immigrants using marijuana which led to the "Marihuana Tax Act"("The Facts"). The two hearings held by Congress to debate the dangers of marijuana totaled no more than one hour with the American Medical Association (AMA) acting as the sole opponent to the bill. Arguments by the AMA were ignored, and misinformation and ignorance guided the House of Representatives as they approved the bill that remains today prohibiting the use of marijuana for any reason. Yet smoking marijuana has proved itself again and again through anecdotal evidence to be an effective treatment of extreme nausea in AIDS patients as well as in cancer patients (Conant 150). It also relieves some symptoms associated with glaucoma and multiple sclerosis ("The Facts"). The People of California and Arizona knew this when they voted for Proposition 215, which passed 55 to 45 percent, and Proposition 200, which passed 64 to 36 percent, respectively (Quayle pg 154). These propositions legalized marijuana for medical use in each of the two states. Also, between the years 1978 and 1996, thirty-four states passed laws acknowledging marijuana's medicinal capabilities ("The Facts"). It would seem that many Americans are seeing marijuana as a valuable tool in the medical field and that further research into the medical benefits of marijuana could only be an asset in the fight to ease the pain of the dying. Marijuana: Friend to the Dying :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics Marijuana: Friend to the Dying Peter is an AIDS patient. The violent nausea caused by the handfuls of pills he must take every day prevents anything he eats from staying down. Even the pill to calm the vomiting won't stay in his stomach long enough to take effect. He has lost nearly forty pounds and is unrecognizable, even to himself. He has given up on life, and he dreads each day because of the pain and the sorrow it brings. Now imagine there's a drug that may help Peter, a drug that helps him keep food down or even makes him hungry, a drug that helps him gain weight, a drug that gives him the hope that he will live long enough to see a cure, a drug that helps him accept what's happening to his body. For Peter and many other patients, this drug is marijuana. Marijuana was first outlawed in the 1920's and 30's when tabloid magazines printed distorted reports of violent crimes committed by immigrants using marijuana which led to the "Marihuana Tax Act"("The Facts"). The two hearings held by Congress to debate the dangers of marijuana totaled no more than one hour with the American Medical Association (AMA) acting as the sole opponent to the bill. Arguments by the AMA were ignored, and misinformation and ignorance guided the House of Representatives as they approved the bill that remains today prohibiting the use of marijuana for any reason. Yet smoking marijuana has proved itself again and again through anecdotal evidence to be an effective treatment of extreme nausea in AIDS patients as well as in cancer patients (Conant 150). It also relieves some symptoms associated with glaucoma and multiple sclerosis ("The Facts"). The People of California and Arizona knew this when they voted for Proposition 215, which passed 55 to 45 percent, and Proposition 200, which passed 64 to 36 percent, respectively (Quayle pg 154). These propositions legalized marijuana for medical use in each of the two states. Also, between the years 1978 and 1996, thirty-four states passed laws acknowledging marijuana's medicinal capabilities ("The Facts"). It would seem that many Americans are seeing marijuana as a valuable tool in the medical field and that further research into the medical benefits of marijuana could only be an asset in the fight to ease the pain of the dying.

American Right

The movement of the American people that effected change during the American civil rights years is the African American civil rights movement of 1955 to 1968. This normally refers to reform movement in United States that had the aim of abolishing the ongoing racial discrimination of the African Americans. This is the period particularly in between 1954-1968 that covers the phases of movements in the south.By the year 1966 the black power movement had emerged that lasted approximately in between 1966 to 1975, this movements had grown in large sizes and had realized the need for civil right movement to include political and economic self sufficiency, racial dignity and freedom from the on going white authority. There are many scholars who term the movements as the second reconstruction, meaning that the period of reconstruction after civil war. In 19th century, the democratically controlled states that were mainly located at the south passed laws that were racially discriminating.It wa s not particularly I the south, but also in other regions of the United States, the racial discrimination and violence that aimed at the African Americans. The period is also called the nadir of American race relations sometimes; this is because the hired, appointed and the elected government officials began to permit or allow discrimination the united states of Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, florid, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Arkansas, Alabama, Tennessee, Kansas and Oklahoma. The permitted or required acts and levels of discriminations against the African Americans mostly fell in the following four categories:1. Racial segregation that was upheld by United States supreme courts decisions in Plessey versus Fergusson in the year 1896. That was legally allowed by the southern states and many other local governments that were outside the south. 2. Voter suppression in most of the southern states. 3. Discrimination against the economic and social opportunities or the resou rces in the whole of the United States. 4. Mass racial acts of violence and private work of violence that was aimed to the African Americans, all these acts were seldom hindered and often encouraged the government official of the United States.Jim Crow was the name given to the combination of the southern states that were actively committed to the racial discrimination. The regime of Jim Crow in the southern states remained nearly intact up to the near the beginning of 1950s and greatly contributed to the great migration. The great migration was a solid northward flow of the African Americans forwards. The situation, in terms of racial discrimination, for the African Americans was some how better for those who did not live in the south. The civil rights movements that came before 1955 normally confronted African Americans discrimination using various strategies.Some of the strategies were lobbying and litigation efforts by organization that were traditional such as the National Asso ciation for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The greatest achievement of this traditional association was the lawful victory in brown versus board of education (1954) that overruled the separate and installed equal legal doctrine and was derived from Plessey, this made separation and segregation lawfully unallowable but there was rare or no practical example from the equal legal doctrine.The browns victory made the private citizen very invigorated but there was a lot of frustration because there were no immediate practical effects. This further led to rejection of the legal approaches as a mean of ending the racial discrimination, but still there was great resistance by the proponents of voter suppression and those of racial segregation. In defiance, there was adoption of a combination of strategies of direct actions that was called civil disobedience that was a non violent, these actions brought about a lot of crisis between the practitioners and the government authoritie s.The state, federal authorities and the local authorities had often to respond instantly to the crisis and the results were favoring of the practitioners in many situations. Civil disobedience forms included: 1. Boycotts, the most successful boycott were the 1955-1956 Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama. 2. sit –ins, the most influential sit-in was the North Carolina Greensboro sit – in of 1965 3. Marches, the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches of Alabama are one of the notable marches.The noted achievements of the civil right movements includes the 1957 civil right act, though it was minor, it was the earliest anti discriminatory law established since reconstruction, the 1964 civil rights act that banned the discrimination in public accommodation and employment practices, the 1965 voting right act that changes the united states immigration policy and the 1968 civil rights act that made it illegal in discrimination in rental or sale of housing REFERENCES Juan Williams, (1 988) Eyes on the Prize: America's civil rights years 1954-1965, Penguin books publishers, US

Types Of Love In Romeo And Juliet Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Types Of Love In Romeo And Juliet Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Types of love in Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is a play about two lovers separated by their feuding families. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.(Pro.I.6) The two foes Shakespeare speaks of are the Montagues and the Capulets. Their hate for each other is great and violent. The hate of the two families is shown early with a street brawl. The hate causes the lovers to hide their love from their families until the very end. after Romeo and Juliet died in the Caplulet tomb the two families see their hate and reconcile for the love of their beloved children. Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet reviled love as a war as a religion as a malady and as a cult. The theme of love, which he explains in other keys in plays before and after remain central, though now it is to idealized in all seriousness(Sauffer 29). All through the play Shakespeare constantly held love as the basis of the play. The actual ethical energy of the drama resides in its Wise,2 realization of the purity and intensity of ideal love. Here there is no swerving(Stauffer 32). Stauffer believes that Romeo and Juliet's love was pure and intense also it is constant ever since the they lay eyes on each other. Romeo and Juliet's love is a perfect blending of body and soul. The obstacle which is a feature of the amour-passion legend is partly external, the family feud; but is partly a sword of the lovers' won tempering since, unlike earlier tellers of the story, Shakespeare leaves us with no explanation of why Romeo did not put Juliet on his horse and make for Manturia(Mahood 392). If Romeo would leave Verona with his love Juliet both will live with each other and could be in love till they are old and gray, but instead Romeo leaves with out his love and die young with each other. The love of Romeo and Juliet is immediate violent and final. In the voyage of the play they abandon themselves to a rudderless course that must end in ship wreck(Mahood 392). "Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on the dashing rocks, thy sea sick weary burke: He eres my Louve."(V.iiii 117-119) The theme of Romeo and Juliet is love and violence and their interactions. In it these two mightiest of mighty opposites meet each other squarely - and one wins(Goddard 118). The whole secrete of the play is that the deaths of Wise,3 the lovers are not the result of the hatred of the houses, nor of any other cause except love itself, which seeks death in its own restoring cordial. Love conquers death even more surly than it defeats hate. It sweeps aside all accidents so that fate itself seems powerless. Time is defeated, in that first stirring of a belief that Shakespeare came later to trust completely: that the intensity of an emotion towers above its temporal duration or success(Stauffer 32). What Stauffer is trying to say is that love is very powerful and even in death the love continues. Romeo finds Juliet's sleeping body after she had drank the potion, and he believes her to be dead. Romeo is slain when Juliet wakes up from here sleep. Out of fear and love she inserts a dagger into her heart with the famous line "Oh happy dagger". Even though the two lovers are dead their love continues. The love between Romeo and Juliet was forbidden by the two families because of their hatred for each other. Most religions say to honor your parents and if their parents new of the love it could have been disaterious. After Juliet marries Romeo the Nurse tries to convince Juliet to commit bigamy. She wants here to marry Paris so that all will be right with here father and the rest of the Capulet family, Juliet refuses. Wise,4 At the time Romeo meets Juliet, he is infatuated with a woman named Roseline. Romeo's moon struck calf-love for Rosaline must be laughed out of him by his friends Benvolio and Mercutio, by his guide Friar Lawrence and by his own true love. For Romeo doting upon Rosalin, love was malady and religion; for Mercutio it is sheer lunacy or a brutal conquest(Mahood 398). Mercutio's realm of love was lust, also very false by nature. For all the bad things the be said about lust, it is where all the jokes are and Mercutio being a joker used it to his full advantage. In trying to call Romeo over the wall, he tried a certain amount of discussion about Rosline's body

Buddhism and Vegetarianism

Buddhism and Vegetarianism All Buddhists are vegetarians, right? Well, no. Some Buddhists are vegetarians, but some are not. Attitudes about vegetarianism vary from sect to sect as well as from individual to individual. If you are wondering whether you must commit to being a vegetarian to become a Buddhist, the answer is, maybe, but possibly not. It is unlikely the historical Buddha was a vegetarian. In the earliest recording of his teachings, the Tripitaka, the Buddha did not categorically forbid his disciples to eat meat. In fact, if meat were put into a monks alms bowl, the monk was supposed to eat it. Monks were to gratefully receive and consume all food they were given, including meat. Exceptions There was an exception to the meat for alms rule, however. If monks knew or suspected that an animal had been slaughtered specifically to feed monks, they were to refuse to take the meat. On the other hand, leftover meat from an animal slaughtered to feed a lay family was acceptable. The Buddha also listed certain types of meat that were not to be eaten. This included horse, elephant, dog, snake, tiger, leopard, and bear. Because only some meat was specifically forbidden, we can infer that eating other meat was permissible. Vegetarianism and the First Precept The First Precept of Buddhism is do not kill. The Buddha told his followers not to kill, participate in killing, or cause to have any living thing killed. To eat meat, some argue, is taking part in killing by proxy. In response, it is argued that if an animal were already dead and not slaughtered specifically to feed oneself, then it is not quite the same thing as killing the animal oneself. This seems to be how the historical Buddha understood eating meat. However, the historical Buddha and the monks and nuns who followed him were homeless wanderers who lived on the alms they received. Buddhists did not begin to build monasteries and other permanent communities until some time after the Buddha died. Monastic Buddhists do not live on alms alone but also on food grown by, donated to, or purchased by monks. It is hard to argue that meat provided to an entire monastic community did not come from an animal specifically slaughtered on behalf of that community. Thus, many sects of Mahayana Buddhism, in particular, began to emphasize vegetarianism. Some of the Mahayana Sutras, such as the Lankavatara, provide decidedly vegetarian teachings. Buddhism and Vegetarianism Today Today, attitudes toward vegetarianism vary from sect to sect and even within sects. On the whole, Theravada Buddhists do not kill animals themselves but consider vegetarianism to be a personal choice. The Vajrayana schools, which include Tibetan and Japanese Shingon Buddhism, encourage vegetarianism but do not consider it to be absolutely necessary to Buddhist practice. Mahayana schools are more often vegetarian, but even within many Mahayana sects, there is a  diversity of practice. In keeping with the original rules, some Buddhists might not purchase meat for themselves, or choose a live lobster out of the tank and have it boiled, but might eat a meat dish offered them at a friends dinner party. The Middle Way Buddhism discourages fanatical perfectionism. The Buddha taught his followers to find a middle way between extreme practices and opinions. For this reason, Buddhists who do practice vegetarianism are discouraged from becoming fanatically attached to it. A Buddhist practices metta, which is loving kindness to all beings without selfish attachment. Buddhist refrain from eating meat out of loving kindness for living animals, not because there is something unwholesome or corrupt about an animals body. In other words, the meat itself is not the point, and under some circumstances, compassion might cause a Buddhist to break the rules. For example, lets say you visit your elderly grandmother, whom you have not seen for a long time. You arrive at her home and find that she has cooked what had been your favorite dish when you were a child- stuffed pork chops. She doesnt do much cooking anymore  because her elderly body doesnt move around the kitchen so well. But it is the dearest wish of her heart to give you something special and watch you dig into those stuffed pork chops the way you used to. She has been looking forward to this for weeks. I say that if you hesitate to eat those pork chops for even a second, you are no Buddhist. The Business of Suffering When I was a girl growing up in rural Missouri, livestock grazed in open meadows and chickens wandered and scratched outside hen houses. That was a long time ago. You still see free-ranging livestock on small farms, but big factory farms can be cruel places for animals. Breeding sows live most of their lives in cages so small they cannot turn around. Egg-laying hens kept in battery cages cannot spread their wings. These practices make the vegetarian question more critical. As Buddhists, we should consider if products we purchase were made with suffering. This includes human suffering as well as animal suffering. If your vegan faux-leather shoes were made by exploited laborers working under inhumane conditions, you might as well have bought leather. Live Mindfully The fact is, to live is to kill. It cannot be avoided. Fruits and vegetables come from living organisms, and farming them requires killing insects, rodents, and other animal life. The electricity and heat for our homes may come from facilities that harm the environment. Dont even think about the cars we drive. We are all entangled in a web of killing and destruction, and as long as we live we cannot be completely free of it. As Buddhists, our role is not to mindlessly follow rules written in books, but to be mindful of the harm we do and do as little of it as possible.

Incorporating theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incorporating theory - Essay Example Thus, experience is seen to be a fundamental prerequisite for a nurse to become an expert. This experience, referred to as nursing experience in this context, is broken down into levels. These levels represent the cumulative education and experience in nursing. The levels start from that level characterized by the lowest education base and the least experience. Subsequently, those levels representing the progressive accumulation of education base and nursing experience follow in order determined by the intensity of the two determining factors. Ultimately, the levels end with that level characterized by the highest education base and the most experience. In their order from the lowest to the highest they are; novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient and expert (Dracup, Bryan-Brown, & Ward, 2004). There is a profound significance of the novice to expert theory to the proposed solution in this research. The graduation of an individual from one level to another indicates the relevance of the past experience (Dracup, Bryan-Brown, & Ward, 2004). This experience is what influences change within the individual thus he/she is no longer reliant on abstract principles which he/she has been being reliant to (Wandel, 2003). In the case of postpartum detection, expert nurses select the appropriate screening tool thus providing the necessary care following the results given. The theory also enlightens on the need to provide the appropriate environment in order to achieve the provision of the most exquisite care by a nurse (Dracup, Bryan-Brown, & Ward, 2004). A nurse who doesn’t fail in the detection of postpartum depression is able to provide timely intervention. Thus, there is the understanding that for the provision of the best nursing care, a sound education base and profound experience are essential. Human has taken an integral part in the

Network Infrastructure Basics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network Infrastructure Basics - Assignment Example Dial-up networking facilitates computer connection to remote networks. It is usually used in home computers, but in some cases, it is used as a business or the Internet network. Unlike the Dial-up modem uses phone lines in sending and receiving data, the DSL uses regular phone lines to send digital broadband signals. ISDN network connection allows internet connections or direct communication between computers. This connection sends digital signals, and in some cases, it uses regular telephone wiring with distinctive ISDN networks (Graziani and Johnson, 2008). Finally, a wireless connection uses infrared lights or radio waves for sending data between hosts. Wireless network connections are common in airports, homes, business, and hotels. In most cases, wireless network connections are through larger wired networks that are connected to the internet. Protocols are sets of standards that facilitate communication between network hosts. They usually provide services including e-mail and file transfers. Most protocols are not designed to use independently but with interaction with other independent or complementary protocols (Graziani and Johnson, 2008). This often constitutes a group of protocols that function as a unit, and they are referred to as protocol suite. An internet protocol suite is referre d to as TCP/IP and is the widely used protocol suite. There are numerous TCP/IP protocol suites, and the wider category include web browsing, security protocols, file transfer, E-mail, network services, network management, transport protocols, and control protocols. The TCP/IP protocol suite works independently of the physical network architecture (Dye, McDonald, and Rufi, 2008). There are numerous parameters required for TCP/IP network connections. The most influential parameters include IP address, Subnet mask, Default gateway, DNS server, and Hostname. The IP address is used to identify the logical host and the logical address network  addresses. On the other hand, the subnet mask identifies the IP address portion that deals with a network address. The default gateway identifies the router, and the DNS server address is used to resolve host names to IP addresses.

Short Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Short Story - Essay Example â€Å"The Lottery† highlights the fact that societies must adjust themselves to the need of changing times. Leaving behind the past beliefs, which have no meaning, is the only way to reform the society in a progressive manner. The central point about the story is the blinding faith in the past traditions and customs that these villagers would not like to change. This connects the story to the kind of superstitious values that the village people were following. An example of this can be traced to the fact that the lottery box has almost lived its life and become worn out, as this box is used every year for the ritual of conducting annual lottery draw in the village. However, the people of this village would not like to change the box as it has the pieces of wood taken from the earlier box, which was probably used for centuries. Although the lottery conductor, Mr. Summers raised the point of replacing this box, the people of the village would not listen to him as no body wanted to replace it. The draw of lottery had nothing to do with the age or construction of the box. Such blind beliefs are found in most of the countries. For example, people in India would not conduct an important business during certain period of the year, which is considered inauspicious. Like the tradition of celebrating the Halloween, which this village also enjoyed, worshipping the dead is not considered a good sign in India. Such traditions leave along-lasting image on the psyche of the people, who are not prepared to change the age-old beliefs. Such beliefs are worldwide. For example, the Irish village folks believe that ghosts will occupy the house, after they vacate it. Hence, they have the tradition of breaking the doors and windows of the house, before vacating it. Although such beliefs are followed blindly, no body has a logical explanation to justify them. However, people invoke stars and